Histopathological Studies of Gills and Liver of Clarias Gariepinus Cultured in Wastewater from Superphosphate Fertilizer Company (SFC)
Keywords:
Histopathology, Wastewater and TechnologyAbstract
The histological effects of Wastewater from Superphosphate Fertilizer Company (SFC) on the fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus, an important African fish were investigated. Exposure of fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus to the wastewater on their gills revealed different histopathological alterations such as attenuated primary lamellae, marked loss of secondary lamellae, loss of epithelial cells, erosion of gill villi while in the liver there was fatty degeneration, oedema, mild fatty change in treatments with less concentration of the wastewater, moderate steatosis, necrosis and hyperemia was observed in treatments with the highest concentration of while the gills and liver from the control remained intact.
References
 [1] Abbas, H.H. (2006). Acute toxicity of ammonia to common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio) at different pH levels. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9 (12): 2215-2221
[2] Abelson, P.H. (1999). A potential phosphate crisis. Science 283:2015.
[3] Adeogun, A. O. and A. V. Chukwuka (2012). Altered reproduction in Clarias gariepinusexposedto Industrial Effluents. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 7(1): 61-70.
[4] Adeogun, A. O. and A. V. Chukwuka (2012). Altered reproduction in Clarias gariepinusexposedto Industrial Effluents. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 7(1): 61-70.
[5] Adeogun, A.O., A.V. Chukwuka and Ibor, O.R(2011). Impact of Abattoir and Saw-Mill Effluents on Water Quality of Upper Ogun River (Abeokuta).American Journal of Environmental Sciences 7 (6): 525-530.
[6] Alan, J.A.S., Genaci, J.R., and Holdson, P.V. (1983). Histopathological and Physiological Response of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gaidneri (R) to sub-lethal levels of lead. Water Research, 17:1115-1118.
[7] Alberto, A., A. F. M. Camargo, J. R. Verani, F. T. Costa and M. N. Fernandes (2005). Healthvariables and gill morphology in the tropical fish Astyanax fasciatus from a sewagecontaminated river. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 61: 247-255.
[8] A.P.H.A. (1985).Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 16thedition. American Public Health Association, New York. 1268pp
[9] A.P.H.A. (1990).Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 16thedition. American Public Health Association, New York. 1268pp
[10] Au, D.W.T. (2004). The application of histo-cytopathological biomarkers in marine Pollution monitoring: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48: 817–834
[11] Barker, A.V. and Pilbeam, D.J., (2006).Handbook of plant nutrition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
[12] Cengis, E.I., E and Balei, K. (2001). The Histopathological Effects of Thiodan on the Liver and gut of mosquito fish, Gambusia affins. Journal of Environmental Sciences and Health part B; Pesticides food contaminants and agricultural wastes. Taylor and Francis 36(1) 75-85
[13] Costa, P. M., M. S. Diniz, S. Caeiro. J. Lobo, M. Martins, A. M. Ferreira, M.Caetano, C. Vale, T. A. DelValls, M. H. Costa. (2009).Histological biomarkers in liver and gills of juvenile Soleasenegalensis exposed to contaminated estuarine sediments: A weighted indices approach.Aquatic Toxicology 92: 202–212.
[14] Dhanapakiam, P. et al. (1998) A Study on the histopathological changes in gills of  Channa punctatus in Cauvery River water J. Environ Biol. 19(3) -265-269.Â
[15] Dhanapalkiam, P., V. Sampoorani, M..Kavitha, V. K. Ramasamy, A.Chandrakala and K. C. Aruna (2004). Gill lesion in the major carp, Laboe rohita exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of tannery effluent. J. Environ. Biol. 25(3): 333-336.
[16] Doudoroff, D. and Fry, F.E.J. (1959).How should we determine dissolved oxygencritical for freshwater fishes? Trans 2nd Seminar.Biology on problems f water pollution. W.S.P.H.S.W. pp 1-10.
[17] Fafioye , O.O., A debisi, A.A. and Fagade, S.O. (2004) Toxicity of Parkia biglobosa and Raphia vinifera extracts on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3:627-630.
[18] Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), (1991).Guidelines and Standards for EnvironmentalPollution Control in Nigeria, pp: 238.
[19] Gabriel, U.U., Amakiri, E.U. and Ezeri, G.N.O. (2005). Haematology and Gill pathology of Clarias gariepinus exposed to refined petroleum oil, kerosene under laboratory condition. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 6(3): 461-465.
[20] Harper C. and J. C. Wolf (2009). Morphologic Effects on the Stress Response in Fish. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) Journal. 50(4):246-255
[21] Heath, A.G., (1995). Water Pollution and Fish Physiology, second ed. CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. pp. 125–140.
[22] Hinton, D.E., H. Segner and T. Braunbeck.,(2001).Toxic responses of the liver.In: Schlenk, D., Bensen, W.H. (Eds.), Organs. In: Toxicity in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts, Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 224–268.
[23] Hodgson, E. (2004). A textbook of Modern Toxicology (3rded). A John Wiley and Sons Inc. Publication.
[24] Lind, O.T. (1979). A handbook of common methods of water analysis for Limnology. C.V. Morshy Publishers, St. Louis, U.S.A. 199pp Â
[25] Mengel, K. and E.A. Kirkby. (2004). Principles of plant nutrition. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
[26] Nordberg, G. F., B. A. Fowler and M. Nordberg (2005). Handbook on Toxicology of Metals. 3rd edition. 969pp.
[27] OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (1992). Guideline for the testing of chemicals: fish, acute toxicity test No. 203, http://www.oecd.org
[28] OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2002). Guideline for the testing of chemicals: fish, acute toxicity test No. 203, http://www.oecd.org.
[29] Pathan, T.S., P.B. Thete, S.E. Shinde, D.L. Sonawane and Y.K. Khillare (2010). Histopathological changes in the Gill of Freshwater Fish, Rasbora daniconius Exposed to Paper Mill Effluent. Iranian Journal of Energy & Environment.1 (3):170-175.
[30] Peebua P., Kruatrachue, M.,Pokethitiyook, P., and Singhakaew, S. (2008). Histopathological alterations of Nile tilapia, Oreochmisroniloticus in acute and subchronic alarchlor. Journal of Environmental Biology 29(3) 325-33
[31] Spraque, J.B. (1973). Measurement of pollutants to fish III. Sub-lethal effects andÂ
safe concentrations. Water research.5: 245-266.
[32] Tang, J.Y.M. and Au, D.W.T. (2004). Osmoregulatory failure is a possible cause of fish kill upon sub-bloom exposure to Chattonella marina. Environ. Toxicol.Chem.
[33] Tang, J.Y.M. and Au, D.W.T. (2004). Osmoregulatory failure is a possible cause of fish kill upon sub-bloom exposure to Chattonella marina. Environ. Toxicol.Chem.
[34] Teh, S. J., S. M. Adams and D. E. Hinton (1997). Histopathologic biomarkers in feral freshwater fish populations exposed to different types of contaminant stress. Aquat.Toxicol.37: 51-70002E
[35] van den Heuvel, M.R., M. Power, J. Richards, M., MacKinnon and D. G. Dixon (2000). Disease and gill lesions in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exposed to oil sands mining-associated waters. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.46: 334–341.
[36] van der Oost, R., J. Beyer and N. P. Vermeulen (2003). Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 13: 57–149
[37] World Health Organisation (WHO), (1984). Guidelines forDrinking Water Quality. 3rd Edn. Health Criteriaand Supporting Information. WHO, Geneva, pp: 668.Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/fulltext.pdf.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) IJSRSET
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.