Analysis of Catalyst Technology in Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell- A Review

Abstract

Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) are a type of electrochemical energy conversion device that directly Convert the chemical energy stored in a liquid alcohol fuel, commonly methanol and ethanol, and also ethylene glycol, or n-propanol, to electricity. Because of their simplicity, high energy density, instantaneous recharging, and presumably long life, DAFCs have been identified as the most promising candidate to replace batteries in micro power applications. The role of catalyst is significant since by modifying the catalyst composition, it was confirmed that the overall electro catalytic activity is greatly enhanced at low potentials as it enables the breakdown of alcohols into proton and electron. Platinum is used as a catalyst for both half-reactions. Even though platinum is being used as a conventional catalyst, modifications like alloying or impregnations of other elements on it enables a better and cost effective catalyst. However, their dependence on expensive Pt-based catalysts for both the anode and the cathode make them unsuitable for large-scale commercialization. This paper deals with the recent evolution of catalyst technology in DAFC. Analysis is made about the anode catalysts and cathode catalyst. Critical analysis of catalyst technology is also made on Nano structures, New Carbon Materials as Catalyst Supports. The effective composition of catalyst is identified and reported as an outcome of the analysis.