Assessment of the Level of Organochlorine Pesticides Contamination in Kales, Water and Soil from Naivasha, Kenya
Keywords:
Lake Naivasha, Organochlorine pesticide, Water & Soil pollution, Vegetable food contaminationAbstract
- Cairns, T. and Sherma, J., (1992) Emerging Strategies for Pesticide Analysis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
- Handa, S.K.,Agnihotri,N.P., Kulshrestha,G., (1999) Pesticide Residue Significance,Management and Analysis. New Delhi :research periodical and book publishing House.
- WHO, (1990) Public Health impact of pesticide used in Agriculture, Macmillan/ Clays; 4500.
- Jolanta, F., Maciej T. and Marek, B., (2011) Properties and determinationof peticides in fruits and vegetables.Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 30(6): 126-129InterdiscipToxicol. Mar 2009; 2(1): 1–12.
- Pope, J. V., Skurky-Thomas, M., & Rosen, C. L. (1994) Toxicity: Organochlorine Pesticides, Medscape. Reigart, J.R. and J.R. Roberts. 1999. Recognition and management of pesticide poisoning. Fifth edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. EPA. Pp. 34-38.
- Escuderos, M.L., Morenas, M.J. Santos, D., Rubio, B. & Polo, L.M., (2003) Direct determination of monolinum, linuron and chlorbromuron residues in potato samples by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. J. Chromatogr., 1011: 143-153.
- World Bank, (2001) Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Stockholm Convention: A Resource Guide Prepared by Resource Futures International for the World Bank and CIDA.
- Chiramba,T., Mogoi,S., Martinez, I., (2011) Payment for environmental services pilot project lake Naivasha basin, Kenya a viable mechanism for watershed services that delivers sustainable natural resource management and improved livelihoods. www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/green_economy. Retrieved 24 August 2016
- KNBS, (2013) Statistical abstract. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.Retrieved from https://www.google.co.ke/#q=KNBS+(2013)+.Statistical+abstract.+Kenya+National+Bureau+of+Statistics.1:2 Kenya.
- Jolicoeur, J.L.C., (2000) Groundwater contamination potential of agriculture around Lake Naivasha: Comparison of five different unsaturated soil zones. MSc. Thesis International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC) Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Vincent O. Madadi, (2017) Occurrence and Distribution of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Water and Soil Samples from Kargi Area, Marsabit County, Kenya. IJSRSET 3(5)91-99.
- Osoro, E.M., Wandiga S.O., Abongo D.A., Madadi V. O. and Macharia J. W., (2016) Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Water and Sediment from Rusinga Island, Lake Victoria, Kenya. . IOSR-JAC. 9 (9): 56-63. EISSN: 2278-5736.
- Yang, R. Q., Lv, A., Shi, J. B., and Jiang, G. B., (2005) The levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments from the Haihe River, China. Chemosphere. 61(3):347–354.
- ATSDR, (2002) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Atlanta, G.A, April. p.61.
- IUPAC, (2003) Regulatory Limits for Pesticides Residues in Water. Pure appl. Chem. 75(8): 1125-1156.
- Codex, (2009) Codex General Standard for Contaminants and toxins in Food and Feed.Codexstandard193-1995. Retrieved fromhttps://www.google.co.ke/#q=Codex,(2009).+Codex+General+Standard+for+Contaminants+nd+toxis+in+Food+and+Feed.+Codex+standard+193-1995.
- Yuan, D., Yang, T. L., Wade and Qian, Y., (2001) Status of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Sediment from Sev-eral Estuaries in China. Environmental Pollution, Vol. 114, No. 1,, pp. 101-111. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00200-1.
- Wauchope,R.D., Buttler, T.M, Hornsby, A.G., Augustijn, P.W.M, and Burt, J.P., (1992) "SCS/ARS/CES Pesti-cide Properties Database for Environmental Decision Making," Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 123, pp. 1-157.
- Cremlyn, R. J. (1991). Agrochemicals Preparation and Mode of Action, John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY, USA.
- Vincent O. Madadi, Shem O. Wandiga, Elizabeth N. Ndunda and Kenneth M. Mavuti, (2017) Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides in Lake Naivasha Catchment. IJSRSET, 3(5) 139-145.
References
- Cairns, T. and Sherma, J., (1992) Emerging Strategies for Pesticide Analysis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
- Handa, S.K.,Agnihotri,N.P., Kulshrestha,G., (1999) Pesticide Residue Significance,Management and Analysis. New Delhi :research periodical and book publishing House.
- WHO, (1990) Public Health impact of pesticide used in Agriculture, Macmillan/ Clays; 4500.
- Jolanta, F., Maciej T. and Marek, B., (2011) Properties and determinationof peticides in fruits and vegetables.Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 30(6): 126-129InterdiscipToxicol. Mar 2009; 2(1): 1–12.
- Pope, J. V., Skurky-Thomas, M., & Rosen, C. L. (1994) Toxicity: Organochlorine Pesticides, Medscape. Reigart, J.R. and J.R. Roberts. 1999. Recognition and management of pesticide poisoning. Fifth edition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. EPA. Pp. 34-38.
- Escuderos, M.L., Morenas, M.J. Santos, D., Rubio, B. & Polo, L.M., (2003) Direct determination of monolinum, linuron and chlorbromuron residues in potato samples by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. J. Chromatogr., 1011: 143-153.
- World Bank, (2001) Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Stockholm Convention: A Resource Guide Prepared by Resource Futures International for the World Bank and CIDA.
- Chiramba,T., Mogoi,S., Martinez, I., (2011) Payment for environmental services pilot project lake Naivasha basin, Kenya a viable mechanism for watershed services that delivers sustainable natural resource management and improved livelihoods. www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/green_economy. Retrieved 24 August 2016
- KNBS, (2013) Statistical abstract. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.Retrieved from https://www.google.co.ke/#q=KNBS + (2013) + .Statistical + abstract. + Kenya + National + Bureau + of + Statistics.1:2 Kenya.
- Jolicoeur, J.L.C., (2000) Groundwater contamination potential of agriculture around Lake Naivasha: Comparison of five different unsaturated soil zones. MSc. Thesis International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC) Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Vincent O. Madadi, (2017) Occurrence and Distribution of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Water and Soil Samples from Kargi Area, Marsabit County, Kenya. IJSRSET 3(5)91-99.
- Osoro, E.M., Wandiga S.O., Abongo D.A., Madadi V. O. and Macharia J. W., (2016) Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Water and Sediment from Rusinga Island, Lake Victoria, Kenya. . IOSR-JAC. 9 (9): 56-63. EISSN: 2278-5736.
- Yang, R. Q., Lv, A., Shi, J. B., and Jiang, G. B., (2005) The levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments from the Haihe River, China. Chemosphere. 61(3):347–354.
- ATSDR, (2002) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Atlanta, G.A, April. p.61.
- IUPAC, (2003) Regulatory Limits for Pesticides Residues in Water. Pure appl. Chem. 75(8): 1125-1156.
- Codex, (2009) Codex General Standard for Contaminants and toxins in Food and Feed.Codexstandard193-1995. Retrieved fromhttps://www.google.co.ke/#q=Codex,(2009). + Codex + General + Standard + for + Contaminants + nd + toxis + in + Food + and + Feed. + Codex + standard + 193-1995.
- Yuan, D., Yang, T. L., Wade and Qian, Y., (2001) Status of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Sediment from Sev-eral Estuaries in China. Environmental Pollution, Vol. 114, No. 1,, pp. 101-111. doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00200-1.
- Wauchope,R.D., Buttler, T.M, Hornsby, A.G., Augustijn, P.W.M, and Burt, J.P., (1992) "SCS/ARS/CES Pesti-cide Properties Database for Environmental Decision Making," Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 123, pp. 1-157.
- Cremlyn, R. J. (1991). Agrochemicals Preparation and Mode of Action, John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY, USA.
- Vincent O. Madadi, Shem O. Wandiga, Elizabeth N. Ndunda and Kenneth M. Mavuti, (2017) Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides in Lake Naivasha Catchment. IJSRSET, 3(5) 139-145.
Downloads
Published
2017-08-31
Issue
Section
Research Articles
License
Copyright (c) IJSRSET
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
[1]
Emily K. Okworo, Vincent O. Madadi, Deborah A. Abong'o, Austin Ochieng, "
Assessment of the Level of Organochlorine Pesticides Contamination in Kales, Water and Soil from Naivasha, Kenya, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology(IJSRSET), Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Online ISSN : 2394-4099,
Volume 3, Issue 5, pp.205-213, July-August-2017.