Remarkable Effect of Alkali Metal Doping on the Properties of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Single Crystals for Optoelectronic and Nonlinear Optical Applications

Authors

  • S. Shek Dhavud  PG and Research Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India
  • J. Thomas Joseph Prakash  PG and Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India

Keywords:

Optical materials, SEM, EDAX, NLO

Abstract

This present investigation reports the impact of alkali metal, for example, Cesium (Cs) doping on the properties of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) crystals were grown by means of slow evaporation solution growth technique. The XRD and FT-IR analyses imply that the crystal undergoes extensive stress because of doping. The decrease in the peak intensity for the particular plane of (130) observed in powder XRD for Cs doped crystal and slight modifications in vibrational frequencies show minor structural variations. The optical examinations were investigated by UV-Vis-NIR analysis and show high optical transparency in the doped sample. The photoluminescence analysis of the grown crystals was investigated. Surface morphological changes owing to doping are ascertained by SEM and addition of the Cs dopant into KHP crystal lattice was well affirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). TG/DTA examination reveals the purity of the materials and no decomposition is seen up to the melting point. The remarkable enhancement in mechanical strength was ascertained owing to doping by Vicker’s microhardness test. It’s observed that the doping with the low concentration of alkali metal facilitates nonlinearity and enhances the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency to a noteworthy extent.

References

  1. W. J. P. Van Enckevort, L. A. M. J. Jetten, Surface morphology of the {010} faces of potassium hydrogen phthalate crystals. J. Cryst. Growth. 60, 275-285 (1982).
  2. G. R. Ester, R. Price, P. J. Halfpenny, An atomic force microscopic investigation of surface degradation of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KAP) crystals caused by removal from solution. J. Cryst. Growth. 182, 95-102 (1997).
  3. J. B. Benedict, P. M. Wallace, P. J. Reid, S.-H. Jang, B. Kahr, Up-conversion Luminescence in Dye-Doped Crystals of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate.
  4. Adv. Mater. 15, 1068-1070 (2003).
  5. J. B. Benedict, Ph.D thesis. University of Washington (2007).
  6. T. Bullard, J. Freudenthal, S. Avagyan, B. Kahr, Test of Cairns-Smith's 'Crystals-as-genes' hypothesis. Faraday Discuss. 136, 231-245 (2007).
  7. G. Cairns-Smith, Genetic Takeover. Cambridge University Press,  Cambridge, UK (1987).
  8. S. Meenakshisundaram, S. Parthiban, N. Sarathi, R. Kalavathy,   
  9. G. Bhagavannarayana, Effect of organic dopants on ZTS single crystals.
  10. J. Cryst. Growth. 293, 376-381 (2006).
  11. G. Bhagavannarayana, S. Parthiban, S. Meenakshisundaram, Enhancement of crystalline perfection by organic dopants in ZTS, ADP and KHP crystals as investigated by high-resolution XRD and SEM. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 39, 784-790. (2006).
  12. G. Bhagavannarayana, S. Parthiban, Subbiah Meenakshisundaram, An Interesting Correlation between Crystalline Perfection and Second Harmonic Generation Efficiency on KCl and oxalic acid doped ADP Crystals. 
  13. Cryst. Growth Des. 8, 446-451 (2008).
  14. D. Donkova, J. Pencheva and M. Djarova, Influence of complex formation upon inclusion of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) in ZnC2O4•2H2O.
  15. Cryst. Res. Technol. 39, 207-213 (2004).
  16. Praveen, N. Vijayan, C. Mahadevan, G. Bhagavannarayana, Effect of impurities on the crystalline perfection of ZTS. Mater. Manuf. Processes. 23, 816-822 (2008).
  17. N. Kejalakshmy, K. Srinivasan, Growth, optical and electro-optical characterisations of potassium hydrogen phthalate crystals doped with Fe 3+ and Cr 3+ ions. Opt. Mater. 27, 389-394 (2004).
  18. J. Thomas Joseph Prakash, S. Ekadevasena, Effect of alkali halides on the growth, morphology, spectral, optical, thermal and nonlinear optical properties of potassium acid phthalate crystals for frequency conversion applications.        
  19. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron. 28, 7393-7400 (2017).
  20. S. K. Geetha , R. Perumal , S. Moorthy Babu,  P. M. Anbarasan, Habit modification and improvement in properties of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KAP) crystals doped with metal ions. Cryst. Res. Technol. 41, 221-224 (2006).
  21. Y. Okaya, The crystal structure of KC6H4COOH.COO. Acta. Cryst. 19, 879-882 (1965).
  22. P. Murugakoothan, R. Mohan Kumar, P.M. Ushasree, R. Jayavel,   R. Dhanasekaran,
  23. P. Ramasamy. Habit modification of potassium acid phthalate (KAP) single crystals by impurities. J. Cryst. Growth. 207, 325-329 (1999).
  24. Elena V. Bolyreva, Evgenia N. Kolesnik, Tatyana N. Drebushchak, Hans Ahsbahs, Jon
  25. Ares Beukes, Hans-Peter Weber, A comparative study of the anisotropy of lattice strain induced in the crystals of L-serine by cooling down to 100 K by increasing pressure up to 4.4 GPa. Z. Kristallogr. 220, 58-65 (2005).
  26. M. D. Allendorf, C. A. Bauer, R. K. Bhakta, R. J. T. Houk, Luminescent metal-organic
  27. frameworks. Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 1330-1352 (2009).
  28. A.E. Newkirk, Renette Laware, Thermogravimetric analysis of potassium hydrogen phthalate. Talanta. 9, 169-173 (1962).
  29. R. Belcher, L. Erdey, F. Paulik, G. Liptay, A derivatographic study of potassium  hydrogen phthalate. Talanta. 5, 53-57 (1960).
  30. Y.U. Wang, Y.M. Jin, A.G. Khachaturyan, Phase field microelasticity theory and simulation of multiple voids and cracks in single crystals and polycrystals under applied stress. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 6435-6451 (2002).
  31. J. Stephens, T. Gebre, A. Batra, M. Aggarwal, R. Lal, Microhardness studies on organic crystals. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 22, 179-180 (2003).
  32. Ganesh, M. Shkir, P. Shekar, K.K. Rao, Indentation studies on <100>, <001> and <101> face of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) single crystals: A novel nonlinear optical material. Optik. 125, 3268-3271 (2014).
  33. Gouldstone, N. Chollacoop, M. Dao, J. Li, A.M. Minor, Y. L. Shen, Indentation across size scales and disciplines: Recent developments in experimentation and modeling. Acta Mater. 55, 4015-4039 (2007).

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology

Downloads

Published

2017-12-31

Issue

Volume 3, Issue 8, November-December-2017

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) IJSRSET

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

[1]
S. Shek Dhavud, J. Thomas Joseph Prakash, " Remarkable Effect of Alkali Metal Doping on the Properties of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Single Crystals for Optoelectronic and Nonlinear Optical Applications, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology(IJSRSET), Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Online ISSN : 2394-4099, Volume 3, Issue 8, pp.106-114, November-December-2017.