Quantum Cryptography : A Comprehensive Study

Abstract

Quantum Cryptography is an applied branch of optical physics to establish a cryptosystem which is future ready. Secrecy is need of today's digitally growing world. Classical cryptography depends on mathematical functions and computational security of those functions. Modern cryptography can be defeated by increasing computing power day by day and hence no more future secure. Due to said reason quantum cryptography is gaining much importance among IT security practitioners. Word "Quantum" means the smallest particle of matter and energy which inhibits some special behavior. This paper discusses basic underlying principles of Quantum Cryptography like Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and different characteristics of photon polarization. Quantum cryptography is combination of dominant physics with mathematics as a key aspect to generate security model.