Antibacterial Activity of Sudanese Propolis Extract Against Methicillin-susceptible and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Khartoum State, Sudan

Abstract

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive round shaped bacterium frequently found in the upper respiratory tract and on the skin. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a worldwide problem in clinical medicine. It is resistant to various antibiotic medications. Propolis is (bee glue) a flavonoid-rich product of honey comb, derives from the Greek pro “before” and polis “city”, it exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties which indicate that it can be an extremely powerful natural antibiotic and useful when fighting off upper respiratory infections. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Soba University Hospital, Sudan. Following ethical consideration, 100 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from different clinical samples, 50 samples of MSSA and 50 samples of MRSA were enrolled. subculture were used to re-identified the Staphylococcus aureus based on colonial morphology, Gram’s stain, and other biochemical test were used for MSSA and MRSA detection. Perforated plastic plate’s technique used for propolis collection and measurement of the inhibition zone were used for detection of sensitivy or resistant reaction. Results: All of the study MSSA samples (50/50; 100%) and MRSA (50/50; 100%) samples which cultured with a different concentrations of Al-Gelly propolis extract were shown a resistant inhibition zone while (50/50; 100%) of the study MSSA samples and (50/50; 100%) of the study MRSA samples which cultured with a different concentrations of Al-Fao propolis extract were shown sensitive inhibition zone at different sensitivity levels. The sensitivity levels of both MSSA and MRSA to the Al-Fao propolis extract was significantly correlate with the concentration of the propolis extract (P value 0.000, 0.000 respectively). The greatest effect will be a product of 20% concentration.