Design and Development of Nozzle to Reduce the Losses

Abstract

Nozzle is a device designed to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that exhaust from them. Nozzles come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on the requirement, this is very important for the understanding of the performance characteristics of nozzle. By the proper geometrical design of the nozzle, the exhaust of the propellant gases will be regulated in such a way that maximum effective velocity can be reached. Convergent divergent nozzle is the most commonly used nozzle since in using it the propellant can be heated in combustion chamber. After getting heated the propellant first converges at the throat of the nozzle and then expands under constant temperature in the divergent part. The present project also observes the losses that occur in a rocket or jet engines and how the damage the nozzles. The methodologies to reduce the losses like Divergence losses, low contraction ratios, boundary layer drag, nozzle erosion, non-equilibrium flow, heat losses are also covered.