Effect of Input Layer Signal Polarization on the Dynamics of Optical Neural Networks

Authors

  • Mariam R. Dhyaa  Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
  • Ayser A. Hemed  Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org//10.32628/IJSRSET2310543

Keywords:

Distributed Feedback, WDM, Optical Validation

Abstract

The polarization encoding-based optical validation and security verification approach is provided in this paper. This technique involves simulating information optically and bonding it to a polarization-encoded mask, such as a biological order or a reaction. The linear polarizers that make up the polarization-encoded mask are positioned at random. The polarization-encoded signal is the name given to this composite signal. In this simulation study, a primary optical neural network adapting a light brain technology is proposed theoretically based on a feed-forward model. Calibration of the nonlinear behavior in such a network is assumed by a semiconductor laser of the Distributed Feedback (DFB) type. Four laser networks are constructed as three influencers, followed by one embedding laser followers. Each of the influencer’s lasers has a different wavelength frequency and polarization (30-60–90) degree, respectively, and then combines the signal with WDM for the last laser. With each value, from the last values, of the polarization effect after this effect, the results indicated that these values would present the greatest weight of spikes and chaotic behavior for the uploaded virtual message.

References

  1. R. Hamerly, L. Bernstein, A. Sludds, M. Solja?i? and D. Englund, "Large-Scale Optical Neural Networks Based on Photoelectric Multiplication," Physical Reviewx, vol. X 9, no. 021032, pp. 1-12, 2019. 10.1103/PhysRevX.9.021032.
  2. H. J. Caulfield and R. S. K. J Kinser, "Optical Neural Networks," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 77, no. 10, pp. 1573-1583, Oct. 1989, doi: 10.1109/5.40669., 1989..
  3. I. A. D. Williamson, T. W. Hughes, M. Minkov, B. Bartlett, S. Pai and S. Fan, "Reprogrammable Electro-Optic Nonlinear Activation Functions for Optical Neural Networks," IEEE Journal Of Selected Topics In Quantum Electronics, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-12, pp. 7700412-7700412, 2020. 10.1109/JSTQE.2019.2930455.
  4. L. M. Zhang and J. E. Carroll, "Large-Signal Dynamic Model of the DFB Laser," IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 604-611, pp. 604-611, 1992. 10.1109/3.124984.
  5. W. Liu, Z. Wang, X. Liu, N. Zeng, Y. Liu and F. E. Alsaadi, "A survey of deep neural network architectures and their applications," Neurocomputing, Vols. 234 pp. 11-26, pp. 11-26, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2016.12.038.
  6. A. A. Hemed, Chaos Generation Methods in Optical Communication Systems, Baghdad: University of Baghdad, 2011.
  7. Y. Zhao, J. Gao and Xuezhi Yang, "A survey of neural network ensembles," Beijing, 2005. 10.1109/ICNNB.2005.1614650.
  8. H. Kukreja, B. N, S. C and K. S, "An Introduction to Artifical Neural Network," Ijariie-ISSN, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 27-30, 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kuldeep-Shiruru/publication/319903816_AN_INTRODUCTION_TO_ARTIFICIAL_NEURAL_NETWORK/links/59c0fe55458515af305c471a/AN-INTRODUCTION-TO-ARTIFICIAL-NEURAL-NETWORK.pdf.
  9. W. Zheng and G. W. Taylor, "Determination of the Photon Lifetime for DFB Lasers," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 295-302, p. 295, 2007. 10.1109/JQE.2006.889746.
  10. A. A. Hemed, Z. R. Ghayib and H. G. Rashid, "Controlling a chaotic anti-synchronized oscillator by a phase interplayed optical injected seed with an FBG sensor," in 2nd International Conference on Physics and Applied Sciences (ICPAS 2021) College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, 26-27 MAY, 2021. 10.1088/1742-6596/1963/1/012063.
  11. D. R. Madhloom, A. A. Hemed and S. M. Khorsheed, "Experimental Simulation for Two Optically Filtered Modulation Weights in Laser Diode as a Self-Learning Layer," 2023.
  12. R. S. Abbas and A. A. Hemed, "Hyper chaos and anti-synchronization by dual laser diode," 2023.
  13. A. D. Dongare, R. R. Khard and A. D. , "Introduction to Artificial Neural Network," International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 189-194, 2012. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=04d0b6952a4f0c7203577afc9476c2fcab2cba06.
  14. P. M. AtkInson and A. R. L. Tatnall, "Introduction Neural networks in remote sensing," INT.J. Remote Sensing, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 699-709, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311697218700.
  15. K. Güney, M. Erler and S. Sagiroglu, "Artificial Neural Networks for the Resonant Resistance Calculation of Electrically Thin and Thick Rectangular Microstrip Antennas," Electromagnetics, Vols. 20, 2000, pp. 387-400, no. 5, pp. 387-400, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1080/027263400750064392.
  16. A. D. Dongare, R. R. Kharde and A. D Kachare, "Introduction to Artificial Neural Network," International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 189-194, 2012. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=04d0b6952a4f0c7203577afc9476c2fcab2cba06.
  17. K. Kojima, K. Kyuma and T. Nakayama, "Analysis of the Spectral Linewidth of Distributed Feedback Laser Diodes," Journal Of Lightwave Technology, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 1048-1055, 1985. 10.1109/JLT.1985.1074295.
  18. E. Rønnekleiv, M. N. Zervas and J. T. Kringlebotn, "Modeling of Polarization-Mode Competition in Fiber DFB Lasers," IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, vol. 34, pp. 1559-1569, 1998. 10.1109/3.709571.
  19. A. Lowery and BSc, "New dynamic semiconductor laser model based on the transmission-line modelling method," IEE Proceedings, vol. 134, pp. 281-290, 1987. 10.1049/ip-j.1987.0047.
  20. E. Rønnekleiv, M. Ibsen and G. J. Cowle, "Polarization Characteristics of Fiber DFB Lasers Related to Sensing Applications," IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, vol. 36, pp. 656-664, 2000. 10.1109/3.845719.
  21. T. Fessant and Y. Boucher, "Additional Modal Selectivity Induced by a Localized Defect in Quarter-Wave-Shifted DFB Lasers," IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electric, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 602-608, pp. 602-608, 1998. 10.1109/3.663433.
  22. K. Yelen, L. M. B. Hickey and M. N. Zervas, "A New Design Approach for Fiber DFB Lasers With Improved Efficiency," IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, vol. 40, pp. 711-720, 2004.10.1109/JQE.2004.828257.
  23. R. Rudra, A. Biswas, P. Dutta and G. Aarthi, "Applying regression models to calculate the Q factor of multiplexed video signal based on Optisystem," 2015. 10.1109/IntelliSys.2015.7361145..
  24. N. K. Grady, J. E. Heyes, D. R. Chowdhury, Y. Zeng, M. T. Reiten, A. K. Azad, A. J. Taylor, D. A. R. Dalvit and H.-T. Chen, "Terahertz Metamaterials for Linear Polarization Conversion and Anomalous Refraction," Reports, vol. 340, no. 6138, pp. 1304-1307, 2013. 10.1126/science.1235399.
  25. I. Amiri, A. N. Z. Rashed, H. M. A. Kader, A. A Al-Awamry, I. A. A. El-Aziz, P. Yupapin and G. Palai, "Optical Communication Transmission Systems Improvement Based on Chromatic and Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensation Simulation Management," Journal Pre-proof, vol. 207, no. 163853, pp. 1-9, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163853.
  26. W. Zheng and G. W. Taylor, "Determination of the Photon Lifetime for DFB Lasers," IEEE Journal Of Quantum Electronics, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 295-302, pp. 295-302, 2007. 10.1109/JQE.2006.889746.
  27. B. F. Kennedy, F. Surre, S. Philippe, L. Bradley and P. Landais, "The Use Of Polarization Efeects In Semicondutor Optical Amplifers To Perfom All-Optical Signal Processing," Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería, vol. 15, no. 3. pp. 313-319, pp. 313-319, 2007. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/772/77215311.pdf.
  28. P. Morin, S. Pitois and J. Fatome, "Simultaneous polarization attraction and Raman amplification of a light beam in optical fibers," Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vols. 29, Issue 8, pp. 2046-2052, no. 8, pp. 2046-2052 , pp. 2046-2052, 2012. https://opg.optica.org/josab/abstract.cfm?uri=josab-29-8-2046.
  29. J. M. Pol, Polarization and Intensity Noise in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers, Palma, 2001.
  30. M. Guasoni, P. Morin, P.-Y. Bony, S. Wabnitz and J. Fatome, "Self-induced polarization tracking, tunneling effect and modal attraction in optical fiber," Optics and Laser Technology, Vols. 80, pp. 247-259, pp. 247-259, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.12.011.
  31. S. L. Chuang, Physics of Photonic Devices, 2nd Edition, 2nd ed. Wiley: Wiley, 2009.
  32. A. J. Lowery, "New dynamic model for multimode chirp in DFB semiconductor lasers," IEE Proceedings, vol. 137, p. 293, 1990.https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990IPOpt.137..293L/abstract.
  33. G. Zhao, J. Sun, Y. Xi, D. Gao, Q. Lu and W. Guo, " Design and simulation of two-section DFB lasers with short active-section lengths," Optics Express, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 10590-10598, 2016 . https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.010590.
  34. A. A. Hemed, Study the effect of Birefrengence (High and low) in a single mode optical fiber, Baghdad: College of education, Mustansiriyah University, 2005.
  35. J. Zhang, Z. Ye, J. Yin, L. Lang and S. Jiao, "Polarized deep diffractive neural network for sorting, generation, multiplexing, and de-multiplexing of orbital angular momentum modes," Optics Express, vol. 30, no. 15, pp. 26728-26741, 2022•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.463137.
  36. J. Li, Y.-C. Hung, O. Kulce, D. M. Ozcan and A. Ozcan, "Polarization multiplexed diffractive computing: all-optical implementation of a group of linear transformations through a polarization-encoded diffractive network," Light Sci Appl, vol. 11, no. 153, pp. 405-408, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-022-00849-x.
  37. G. G. Q. W. Ruizhe Zhao, Y. Liu, H. Zhou, X. Zhang, C. He, X. Li, X. Li, Y. Wang, J. Li and L. Huang, "Controllable Polarization and Diffraction Modulated Multi-Functionality Based on Metasurface," Advanced optical materials, vol. 10, no. 8, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202102596.

Downloads

Published

2023-10-30

Issue

Section

Research Articles

How to Cite

[1]
Mariam R. Dhyaa, Ayser A. Hemed, " Effect of Input Layer Signal Polarization on the Dynamics of Optical Neural Networks, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology(IJSRSET), Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Online ISSN : 2394-4099, Volume 10, Issue 5, pp.279-293, September-October-2023. Available at doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET2310543