A Key Role of Insulin in Diabetes Mellitus

Authors

  • Aarif Ali  Division of Veterinary Biochemistry SKUAST-K Shuhama Kashmir, India
  • Aadil Ayaz  Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, HNBG University, Uttarakhand, India
  • Mashooq Ahmad Dar  Division of Veterinary Biotechnology,SKUAST-K, Shuhama, Kashmir, India
  • N. Singh  Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, HNBG University, Uttarakhand, India
  • Showkat Ahmad Bhat  Division of Veterinary Biochemistry SKUAST-K Shuhama Kashmir, India

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus, Prevelance, Insulin, Oxidative Stress, Complications.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine metabolic disorder with the characteristic feature of hyperglycemia i.e increased glucose levels. It usually occurs due to the disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism. Glucose is an important aldohexose sugar whose level gets raised during diabetes. Normally in the body glucose is acted upon by the hormone Insulin which is secreted by the beta islet cells of the pancreas. However during diabetes either the level of insulin decreases or the cells become insensitive to the action of insulin. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a number of complications affecting eyes, kidney, heart, nerves etc. A lot of research is done or is still is going on, but diabetes mellitus still is the leading cause of death worldwide. The number of diabetic cases in developing countries is increasing day by day and no huge effort has been put into action to stop this sweet but deadly disease. Diabetes mellitus can be controlled by diet, lifestyle, exercise, oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin (pharmacological). Diabetes mellitus selectively damages cells(endothelial cells and mesangial cells) because in these cells the rate of glucose transport does not decline rapidly as a result of hyperglycemia, leading to high glucose inside the cell. Diabetes mellitus not only affects small blood vessels but also large blood vessels, so the complications of diabetes are divided into two classes i.e microvascular(small blood vessels) and macrovascular (large blood vessels).These complications affect and cause severe damage not only to the organs but to the nerves as well. So such medications should be developed that at least should minimize these adverse damages. At the moment insulin is widely used in diabetes in combination with other medicines. Not only drugs but products obtained from natural sources which could act as a protective agents should be looked upon to reverse and decrease such adverse damages. In this review main focus has been given on insulin molecule(synthesis, secretion, action,etc) and its role in diabetes mellitus.

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology

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Published

2017-10-31

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Volume 3, Issue 6, September-October-2017

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Research Articles

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How to Cite

[1]
Aarif Ali, Aadil Ayaz, Mashooq Ahmad Dar, N. Singh, Showkat Ahmad Bhat, " A Key Role of Insulin in Diabetes Mellitus, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology(IJSRSET), Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Online ISSN : 2394-4099, Volume 3, Issue 6, pp.80-85, September-October-2017.