Callus induction and biochemical analysis of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br
Keywords:
Gymnema sylvestre R. Br., diabetes, Callus induction, proliferation, biochemical analysis.Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Family Asclepiadaceae) commonly called as “Gudmar” is one of the well known medicinal plants recognized as a potent drug plant in Ayurveda as well as in homeopathic systems. This plant is used medicinally in throughout India and Southeast Asia for treatment against diabetes and also employed in the treatment of many other healths hazardous. This study developed a novel tissue/cell culture system for in vitro callus induction, proliferation and biochemical evaluatin of this species with improving the active principles in the plant. Nodal/leaf explants were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog’s (1962) basal medium, with supplementation of different concentrations (0.5 to 3.0 mg/l) of Auxins (2, 4-D and NAA) and Cytokinins (Kinetin and BAP). The explants were allowed to grow and the callus was maintained on the same medium for weekly analysis. The maximum callusing was obtained in the medium supplemented with combinations of Kn (2.5 mg/l) along with 2,4-D (2.5 mg/l). The total carbohydrate content was obtained after 6 weeks callus induced on MS medium fortified with NAA and BAP (36.45 ± 0.93 mg/g fr.wt.) at 2.5 mg/l and 2.0 mg/l respectively. NAA+ BAP supplement medium also exhibit highest amount of reducing sugar i.e. (27.44 ± 0.09 mg/g fr.wt). Total soluble protein content was observed maximum in the callus tissues generated in MS medium with NAA+BAP (55.86 ± 0.66mg/g fresh tissue) as comparison to callus grown in other phytohormones. From the above study, it was quite conclusive that, the phytohormones play a significant role in regulation of the growth of callus and biochemical activity.
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