Analysis of Factors Affecting the Number of Foreign Tourists to Indonesia

Authors

  • Siti Riska Ulfah H  Postgraduate of the Department of Economics, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
  • Lukytawati Anggraeni  Department of Economics, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Firdaus  Department of Economics, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET21854

Keywords:

Tourism Sector, Panel Data Static

Abstract

Indonesia's tourism potential can be used as the main driver of the Indonesian economy. This study aims to analyze the performance of the Indonesian tourism sector and analyze the factors that influence the number of foreign tourist visits to Indonesia. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative analysis method and static panel model analysis. The type of data used in this study is secondary data, including annual time series data for five years, from 2010 to 2014. It also includes cross-section data from nine countries that are the main visitors to the Indonesian tourism sector, namely Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, Philippines, UK, and the USA. The development and growth of the performance of the Indonesian tourism sector increased in the period 2010 to 2014. The number of foreign tourist arrivals to Indonesia is influenced by the variables of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of the country of origin, economic distance, relative prices, and security dummy which have a significant effect on the number of foreign tourist visits to Indonesia, while the exchange rate and dummy travel warning variables have no significant effect. Therefore, the government needs to maintain the stability of the exchange rate and inflation rate as well as the coordination of related parties and institutions in maintaining political, economic, social stability and increasing the promotion of Indonesian tourism to foreign countries.

References

  1. Abedtalas, Musallam. Toprak, Lokman. 2015. The Determinants of Tourism Demand in Turkey. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies.Vol. 7. No. 4. pp. 90-105.
  2. Andriansyah D. 2008. Analysis of Factors Affecting the Number of Foreign Tourist Visits in Indonesia [undergraduate thesis]. Bogor (ID): IPB
  3. Aslan A. Kaplan M. Kula F. 2008. International Tourism Demand for Turkey: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach. MPRA. No.10601. doi:10.1016/10601
  4. Baltagi B. 2005. Econometric Analysis of Panel Data 3rd Edition. Englan: John Wiley&Sons.Ltd.
  5. [BI]. 2016. Bank of Indonesia. Data. [internet]. Accessed via http://www.bi.go.id/en/moneter/kalkulator-kurs/Default.aspx
  6. [BPS]. 2014. Central Bureau of Statistics. Data. [internet]. Accessed via https://www.bps.go.id/
  7. Chadeeand D. Mieczkowski Z. 1987. An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of the Exchange Rate on Canadian Tourism. Journal of Travel Research. 26: 13. DOI: 10.1177/004728758702600103
  8. Dewi AS. 2013. Analysis of Indonesia's Tourism Competitiveness and Demand in the ASEAN Market [undergraduate thesis]. Bogor (ID): IPB.
  9. [EIA]. 2016. U.S. Energy Information and Administration. Data. [internet]. Diakses melalui http://www.eia.gov/
  10. Eugenio-Martín, Juan L. Morales, Noelia M. Scarpa Riccardo. 2004. Tourism and Economic Growth in Latin American Countries: A Panel Data Approach.
  11. Firdaus M. 2011. Econometrics Application for Panel Data and Time Series. Bogor (ID): IPB Press.
  12. Floyd, Myron F. Gibson, Heather. Pennington-Gray, Lori. Thapa, Brijesh. 2014. The Effect of Risk Perceptions on Intentions to Travel in the Aftermath of September 11, 2001. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 15:2-3. 19-38. DOI: 10.1300/J073v15n02_02
  13. Hakim DB. Kustiari R. Oktaviani R. Singagerda FIS. 2013. Analysis of Indonesia's Tourism Investment and Trade Flow. Economic Development Scientific Magazine Faculty of Economics Unpar. 17(2).
  14. Kadir, Norsiah. 2010. The Cointegration and Causality Tests for Tourism and Trade in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Finance. Vol. 2. No. 1.
  15. [Kemenpar]. 2015. Statistic Arrivals 2014. [internet]. [download at 2016 Maret 24]. Accessed via http://www.kemenpar.go.id/asp/detil.asp?c=142&id=3068
  16. Kiang YJ. Sarochananjeen O. Yang F. Wang Y. 2015. Relationship Between Exchange Rates and Tourist Number in Thailand: Empirical Analysis of Panel Data. Journal of Accounting, Finance & Management Strategy. Vol 10. No. 2.107-124.
  17. K?l?ç, Cüneyt. Bayar, Y?lmaz. 2014. Effects of Real Exchange Rate Volatility on Tourism Receipts and Expenditures in Turkey. Advances in Management &Applied Economics.Vol. 4, no.1 89-101. ISSN: 1792-7544 (print version), 1792-7552 (online).
  18. Kutan, Ali M. 2003. Regional Effects of Terrorism on Tourism in Three Mediterranean Countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 47: 621. DOI: 10.1177/0022002703258198.
  19. Leea, Chien-Chiang. Chang, Chun-Ping. 2007. Tourism development and economic growth: A closer look at panels. Tourism Management 29. 180–192.
  20. Massidda, Carla. Etzo, Ivan. 2012. The determinants of Italian domestic tourism: A panel data analysis. Tourism Management 33. 603-610. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.06.017
  21. Munoz GT. Amaral T. 2010. An Econometric Model for International Tourism Flows to Spain. Applied Economics Letters. 7:8. 525-529. DOI: 10.1080/13504850050033319Naude W. Saayman A. 2005. Determinants of Tourist Arrivals in Africa: A Panel Data Regression Analysis. Tourism Economics. 11 (3), 365–391.
  22. Quadri, Donna L. Zheng, Tianshu. 2014. A Revisit to the Impact of Exchange Rates onTourism Demand: The Case Of Italy. The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management, 18:2, 47-60, DOI: 10.1080/10913211.2010.10653894
  23. Saha S. Yap G. 2013. The Moderation Effects of Political Instability and Terrorism on Tourism Development: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis. Journal of Travel Research. XX(X) 1–13. DOI: 10.1177/0047287513496472
  24. Sandler, Todd. Enders, Walter. 2004. An economic perspective on transnational terrorism. European Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 20. 301–316. doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.12.007
  25. Sonmez, Sevil F. Graefe, Alan R. 1998. Influence of Terrorism Risk on Foreign Tourism Decisions. Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 112-144.
  26. Surugiu C. Leitão N. Surugiu M. 2011. A Panel Data Modelling of International Tourism Demand: Evidences for Romania. Ekonomska istraživanja. 24(1):134-145. ISSN 1331-677X
  27. [Vision of Humanity]. 2016. Global Terrorism Index. Data. [Internet]. Diakses melalui http://www.visionofhumanity.org/#/page/indexes/terrorism-index
  28. [Vision of Humanity]. 2015. Global Terrorism Index Report 2015. [internet]. [diunduh 2016 April]. Tersedia padahttp://static.visionofhumanity.org/sites /default/files/ 2015%20Global%20Terrorism%20Index%20Report_2.pdf
  29. Vita, Glauco D. Kyaw, Khine S. 2013. Role of The Exchange Rate In Tourism Demand. Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 43. pp. 624–627.
  30. [World Bank]. 2014. World Development Indicators. [internet]. Diakses melalui http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/
  31. [World Bank]. 2014. World Governance Indicators. [internet]. Diakses melalui http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/
  32. [World Tourism Organization]. 2015. Tourism Highlights 2015. [internet]. [diunduh 2016 April 22]. Tersedia pada www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/ 10.18111/9789284416899
  33. [WTTC]. 2014. World Travel and Tourism Council. Data. [internet]. Diakses melalui http://www.wttc.org/datagateway/

Downloads

Published

2021-10-30

Issue

Section

Research Articles

How to Cite

[1]
Siti Riska Ulfah H, Lukytawati Anggraeni, Muhammad Firdaus "Analysis of Factors Affecting the Number of Foreign Tourists to Indonesia" International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJSRSET), Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Online ISSN : 2394-4099, Volume 8, Issue 5, pp.102-112, September-October-2021. Available at doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET21854