Geological and Hydrological Perspectives on Groundwater Management in Changing Environments

Abstract

Groundwater management has emerged as a critical challenge in the face of changing environmental conditions, driven by climate variability, population growth, and increasing water demands. This paper explores geological and hydrological perspectives to provide a comprehensive understanding of sustainable groundwater resource management. Geological factors, such as aquifer structure, permeability, and lithology, directly influence groundwater storage and recharge rates. Meanwhile, hydrological dynamics, including precipitation patterns, surface runoff, and evapotranspiration, shape groundwater availability and sustainability. This study examines the interplay between these factors in the context of changing environmental conditions. Emphasis is placed on the role of advanced hydrological modeling and geospatial technologies in assessing groundwater recharge and depletion rates. Case studies highlight the impacts of urbanization, agricultural practices, and land-use changes on groundwater quality and quantity. Furthermore, adaptive management strategies, such as artificial recharge, managed aquifer recharge (MAR), and sustainable pumping practices, are discussed to mitigate overextraction and contamination risks. The findings underscore the importance of an integrated approach combining geological and hydrological insights for effective groundwater governance. Collaboration between policymakers, hydrologists, and geologists is crucial to address the multifaceted challenges posed by changing environments. This paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge needed to safeguard groundwater resources for future generations while maintaining ecological balance.