Effect of Thermo-Chemical Pretreatment of Kenyan Market Waste on Mesophillic Biogas Production

Authors

  • Kamau J. M  Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
  • Mbui D. N  Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
  • Mwaniki J. M  Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
  • Waswa G. A.  Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya

DOI:

https://doi.org//10.32628/IJSRSET2182103

Keywords:

Biogas, Market waste, Thermo-chemical, Pretreatment

Abstract

Effects of pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of waste fruit and vegetable market waste were investigated in biogas production by batch experiments. The pretreatment was NaOH and HCl thermochemical, thermal and chemical methods. The wastes were chopped and blended before loading to the digester. Acid hydrolysis was done by adding 20ml 0.1M HCl with thorough mixing before purging with CO2 and sealing. Alkaline pretreatment was done using 1M NaOH. In both cases, the setups were exposed to heat at 1000C for 12hours, after which they were allowed to cool for 3 hours. The pH was modified to 6.7 – 7.2 before loading the inoculum and studying biogas generation. The large-scale setups with 1.0l, 1.5l, 5l and 10l capacity were studied for biogas generation. The results obtained show that thermochemical pretreatment results in more cumulative biogas production at 6200ml, followed by thermal at 4900ml and then chemical pretreatments at 3750ml for 500g mixed fruits and vegetable market wastes. Alkaline pretreatment is more efficient compared to acidic hydrolysis though highly influenced by proximate properties of the wastes and operation pH. The large-scale pretreatment resulted in 34500ml and 31400ml cumulative biogas from HCl and NaOH pretreatment. In conclusion, thermochemical pretreatment of market waste results in increased biogas generation resulting from hemicellulose breakdown and disrupting lignin-hemicellulose ether bonds in acid hydrolysis. In contrast, alkaline pretreatment leads to swelling of lignocelluloses and partial lignin solubilization lignin breakdown. The overall biogas generation depends on proximate waste matter and digester operation pH.

References

  1. Anderson, L. (1972), Energy Potential from Organic Wastes: A Review of the Quantities and Sources. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8549, U.S. Dept. Interior.
  2. Bochmann, G. and Montgomery, L.F.R., (2013). Storage and pretreatment of substrates for biogas production. In: The Biogas Handbook: Science, Production and Applications. Elsevier Inc., pp. 85-103
  3. Carlsson, M., Lagerkvist, A., Morgan-Sagastume, F. (2012). The effects of substrate pretreatment on anaerobic digestion systems: a review. Waste Manag. 32 (9):1634–1650.
  4. Chen, Y., Ke, Z., and Liang, Y. (2019). "Influence of moisture content of solid-state NaOH pretreatment and codigestion on methane production in the semi-dry anaerobic digestion of rose stalk," BioRes. 14(2): 4210-4223.
  5. Damisa, D., Ameh, J. B. and Umoh, V. J. (2008) Effect of chemical pretreatment of some lignocellulosic wastes on the recovery of cellulase from Aspergillus Niger AH3 mutant, African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(14): 2444-2450
  6. Delge ́nes J, Penaud V, Torrijos M and Moletta R (2000) 'Investigations of the changes in anaerobic biodegradability and biotoxicity of an industrial microbial biomass induced by thermochemical pretreatment', Water Science and Technology, 41(3):137–144.
  7. Devlin D.C, Esteves S.R.R, Dinsdale R.M, Guwy A.J. (2011) The effect of acid pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion and dewatering of waste activated sludge. Bioresource Technology.;102:4076-4082.
  8. DiStefano T and Ambulkar A (2006) 'Methane production and solids destruction in an anaerobic solid waste reactor due to post-reactor caustic and heat treatment', Water Science and Technology, 53(8):33–41.
  9. Eskicioglu C, Kennedy K.J, Droste R L (2007). Enhancement of batch waste activated sludge digestion by microwave pretreatment. Water Environment Research., 79: 2304-2317.
  10. Fisgativa, H., Tremier, A., Le Roux, S., Bureau, C., Dabert, P. (2017). Understanding the anaerobic biodegradability of food waste: relationship between the typological, biochemical and microbial characteristics. J. Environ. Manage, 188:95–107.
  11. Günther B and Lucy F.R. M (2013) Storage and pretreatment of substrates for biogas production, The Biogas Handbook, Woodhead Publishing, Pages 85-103
  12. Günther Bochmann and Lucy F.R. Montgomery(2013), Storage and pretreatment of substrates for biogas production in The Biogas Handbook,
  13. Kamau, J. M., Mbui, D. N., Mwaniki J. M., & Mwaura, F. B. (2020). Proximate analysis of fruits and vegetables wastes from Nairobi County, Kenya. Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 5(1): 9-15.
  14. Kim J, Park C, Kim T, Lee M, Kim S, Kim S and Lee J (2003) 'Effects of variouspretreatments for enhanced anaerobic digestion with waste activated sludge', Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 95(3): 271–275.
  15. Li C, Knierim B, Manisseri C, Arora R, Scheller H.V, Auer M, et al. (2010) Comparison of dilute acid and ionic liquid pretreatment of switch grass: Biomass recalcitrance, delignification and enzymatic saccharification. Bioresource Technology.;101:4900-4906.
  16. Mancini, G., Papirio, S., Lens, P.N.L., Esposito, G., (2018). Increased biogas production from wheat straw by chemical pretreatments. Renew. Energy 119: 608 - 614.
  17. Monlau, F.; Aemig, Q.; Barakat, A.; Steyer, J.P.; Carrère, H. (2013) Application of optimized alkaline pretreatment for enhancing the anaerobic digestion of different sunflower stalks varieties, Environ. Technol., 34: 2155–2162
  18. Noike T, Endo G, Chang J-E, Yaguch, J-I and Matsumoto J-I (1985) 'Characteristics of carbohydrate degradation and the rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion'. Biotechnology and Bio engineering, 27, (10):1482–1489.
  19. Peces, M. Astals, S., Mata-Alvarez, J. (2005) Effect of Moisture on Pretreatment Efficiency for Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Substrates. Waste Manag., 46:189–196. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.022.
  20. Penaud V, Delgenes J, Moletta R (1999) 'Thermo-chemical pretreatment of amicrobial biomass: influence of sodium hydroxide addition on solubilization and anaerobic digestion', Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 25, (3–5):258–263.
  21. Rafique R, Poulsen T, Nizami A, Asam Z, Murphy J and Kiely G (2010) 'Effect ofthermal, chemical and thermo-chemical pretreatments to enhance methaneproduction', Energy, 35(12):4556–4561.
  22. Rajan S, Shailey S,  Avanish K. T, Shilpi A, Shefali A, Naveen S(2015)Influence of pretreatment processes onto bio-methanation of wheat straw, Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 7, 053109.
  23. Raveendran S, Ashok P, Parameswaran B (2015), Pretreatment of Biomass, Chapter 4 - Alkaline Treatment, Pages 51-60,
  24. Salemdeeb, R., Vivanco, D.F., Al-Tabbaa, A., Ermgassen, E.K.H.J., (2017). A holistic approach to the environmental evaluation of food waste prevention. Waste Manage, 59:442–450.
  25. Taherdanak M, Zilouei H, Karimi K (2016). The influence of dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment on biogas production form wheat plant. International Journal of Green Energy. 13(11):1129-1134.
  26. Tanaka S., Kobayashi T., Kamiyama K.I., Signey Bildan Ma.L.N (1997) Effects of thermochemical pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge Water Science and Technology, 35  (8):209-215.
  27. Xie S, Frost J.P, Lawlor P.G, Wu G. and Zhan X. (2011) Effects of thermo-chemical pretreatment of grass silage on methane production by anaerobic digestion, Bioresource Technology,102(19):8748 – 8755
  28. Yang, T.C., Kumaran, J., Amartey, S., Maki, M., Li, X., Lu, F. and Qin, W. (2014) Biofuels and bioproducts produced through microbial conversion of biomass. Bioenergy Research: Advances and Applications, pp.71-93.
  29. Zhang Q, Tang L, Zhang J, Mao Z and Jiang L (2011) 'Optimization of thermal-dilute sulphuric acid pretreatment for enhancement of methane production from cassava residues', Bioresource Technology, 102 (4):3958–3965.
  30. Kong, X., Du, J., Ye, X., Xi, Y., Jin, H., Zhang, M., Guo, D. (2018) Enhanced Methane Production from Wheat Straw with the Assistance of Lignocellulolytic Microbial Consortium TC-5, Bioresour. Technol., 263, 33–39.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology

Downloads

Published

2021-05-30

Issue

Volume 8, Issue 3, May-June-2021

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) IJSRSET

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

[1]
Kamau J. M, Mbui D. N, Mwaniki J. M, Waswa G. A., " Effect of Thermo-Chemical Pretreatment of Kenyan Market Waste on Mesophillic Biogas Production, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology(IJSRSET), Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Online ISSN : 2394-4099, Volume 8, Issue 3, pp.22-31, May-June-2021. Available at doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET2182103